Significant deviations are observed in the low radiation regions of ATLAS cavern, where measured thermal neutron fluxes are found to be lower than predicted by Monte Carlo simulations”. The conclusion was : “Measured thermal neutron fluxes are found to be largely in agreement with the original simulations, mostly within a factor of two. Only recently the ATLAS-MPX collaboration has published results of absolute background measurements in the ATLAS experimental hall including thermal neutrons and made a comparison with results of simulations using GEANT3+GCALOR and Fluka.
Estimates of the neutron flux in experimental areas were based on simulations only, without support from experimental data. ATLAS and CMS have made simulations for all types of backgrounds, including neutrons. Extensive simulations of background conditions were part of detector optimizations for the SSC and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. Since the beginning of research and development ( R& D) on detectors for the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), , it has been understood that the main source of background in a detector in a modern collider is primary collisions at the interaction point, with other sources such as beam-gas interactions and beam halo particles which are commonly estimated to contribute less than 10%.
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